Revision+for+IB+Exams


 * __ Class Outline for May exams ( start making those flashcards, timelines, mind maps, essay outlines) __**

-Origins of rise to power of Stalin (mind map). Complete this document with a partner - Domestic policies of Stalin including methods used and to what extent successful or not.
 * Sunday 15th April ** – __Paper 2 and Paper 3 – Single Party States – Stalin and Hitler__

Lenin Enrolment NEP Factionalism Kamenev, Trotsky, Bukharin, Tomsky, Zinoviev, Rykov War Communism Testament Bolshevik - Collectivisation Industrialisation - Process to build factories to produce heavy goods Grain procurements - the set of quotas the peasants has to achieve Comintern, Comecon - Comintern was created by Lenin in 1919 to spread communism. Comecon was created by the USSR during the Cold War to aid the communist country. It strengthened the relationship of NEP to the other communist nation United Opposition - Group called for end to NEP Exile - Communist Manifesto - created by Karl Marx in 1868 and this is supposed to be followed for Communism
 * Key terms/policies/events/people to know: (put on flashcards these terms and make a timeline of these events). **
 * Red Army** - Had been the Soviet Union's army after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Trotsky had been appointed the leader of the army he had appointed large number of officers to the army.
 * General Secretary**- Had been a position which no one had wanted in the communist party due to the need of high organizational skills, Stalin however had taken this position in 1929 it had helped him look into other party members weaknesses. He was able to keep a file on every Party member.
 * Menshevik** - Was a group that had felt that the Soviet Union should be run under a mass, a non-Leninist approach, they opposed the Bolsheviks.
 * Georgian** - Stalin had been from Georgia, the Russian-Georgian would have had supported him.
 * Triumvirate** - Is a group formed to weaken and go against Trotsky, it involved Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev in 1925

Stakhanov - He was a miner in the Donbass region in Magnitogorsk, who inspired the Stakhanov movement.Classic example of soviet propaganda Kulak - Rich peasants who had grown wealthy under NEP Gosplan - A committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union Permanent Revolution - Belief by Trotsky that revolution was not a single event but a continuous process in which risings took place from country to country.Believed revolution would spread to Germany and rest of Europe Socialism in One Country - Stalin believed the Soviets should secure communism in the USSR before revolutionizing other states.Opposed by Trotsky Politburo - The inner cabinet of the ruling Central Committee of the CPSU. Magnitogorsk - an industrial city in Southern Russia, on the Ural River close to the border with Kazakhstan. Kirov - A prominent early Bolshevik leader in the Soviet Union. Kirov rose through the Communist Party ranks to become head of the Party organization in Leningrad. He was seen as opposition to Stalin. Yezhovschina - Great Purge of peasants, Red Army, Party officials, Communist Party from 1937 - 38. Named after Nikolai Yezhov. Komsommol - Like the Hitler Youth and started in 1918, and was a division on the Communist Party. Nomenklatura - The Soviet old guards, who were also known as the older people in the party who were resistant to change. Pravda - Means //The Truth//. Was the USSR's newspaper. ==Socialist Realism- the state sanctioned art, music and literature in the USSR to only reflect and promote the ideals of Stalin and the socialist society ==

==OGPU- Absorbed into the NKVD in 1934, was the Soviet Secret Police, and organization combating and investigation opposition to the Party. ==

==Five Year Plans- Set of goals or targets for the Economic development and industrialization of the USSR, first plan was layed in 1928 ==

Brest Litovsk Treaty- A Peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers, relieving Russia from WWI.
-Origins of rise to power of Hitler (including the weaknesses of Weimar) (mind map) - Why did Weimar fail?
 * Tuesday 17th April ** – __Paper 2 and Paper 3– Single Party States – Stalin and Hitler__

- Domestic policies of Hitler including methods used and to what extent successful or not (mind map) - Comparison between Hitler and Stalin (Venn diagram or column chart) - How totalitarian was Hitler and Stalin's regimes

**Freikorps –** Anti-communist, ex-soldiers who formed vigilante (self appointed) groups. **1920 Kapp Putsch –** Right-wing group, consisted of people who had grownup in the successful days of the Kaiser’s Germany, wanted the traditional ways back. In March 1920 Dr. Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Freikrops into Berlin as a uprising, the German people, like industrial workers had gone on a general strike bringing capital to a halt stopping the Putsch. **Nov 1923 Munich (HItler) Putsch – Hitler had** a dramatic uprising in Munich during a general meeting, he had been sent to prison. Suprsingly only for a short period, it was found that the Judge had been Right-wing he shortened his sentence. **Jan 1923 Ruhr Crisis-** treaty of Versailles had forced Germany to pay reparation to Allies, it was set at 6600 Million pounds to be paid in installments. First 50 Million Pounds were paid in 1921, however in 1922 nothing was paid, the French we impatient and needed the money. So in January 1923 the French invaded the Ruhr and began to takes raw materials and goods. This lead to the collapse of the German currency **1924 Dawes Plan-** Helped sort out Germany’s economic chaos **Ebert and Social Democrats -** **Feb 1933 Reichstag Fire –** On 27 Feb. the Reichstag building burnt down, Hitler blamed the communists, this was when he had used the Article 48 which was given to him in 1933 by president Hidenburg, many communists were arrested and killed. Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression Rohm Kellogg Briand Pact 1928 Proportional Representation Hindenburg,Ludendorff Kaiser Wilhelm November Criminals/ stabbed in the back Reparations of 6600 million British Pounds Drexler and German Workers Party Von Papen Von Schleicher July Bomb Plot - The plan to assassinate Hitler in the wolves lair. I forgot the blokes name. Reich Church and Muller Pastor Niemoller Concordat Gestapo Goebbels Himmler Goring Nuremberg Rallies Olympics 1936 Leni Riefenstahl Military conscription Four Year Plans Strength Through Joy Kristallnacht 1938
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**
 * Communism** - A revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless society. Based on Marxism and Leninism.
 * Capitalism** - Private ownership of means of production and different classes.
 * Democracy/totalitarianism** - A movement in which the people have a say along with the government/A political system where everything is controlled by one ruler
 * Mein Kampf** - //My Struggle,// a novel by Hitler & includes autobiography & political ideology of Hitler, published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926
 * Communist Manifesto of Marx** - A short 1848 publication written by German Marxism political theorists, Marx & Engels. It contains an analytical approach to the class struggle & the problems of capitalism. Nature of society and politics in their own words.
 * Landsberg Prison** - Located in the Southwest of the German state of Bavaria. Prison used by Allied powers during the Occupation of Germany for holding Nazi War Criminals. Closed down in 1958, and Federal Republic of Germany given control.
 * Aryan** - The race that Hitler was trying to enlarge, blonde hair, blue eyes. Thought of as the superior race.
 * Lebensraum** - Living space that Hitler desired in the East
 * Article 48** - In the constitution of the Weimar Republic allowing the President to take emergency measure without permission from the Reichstag
 * Versailles Treaty** - Peace treaty at the end of WWI. Ended war between Germany & Allied powers. Signed June 1919, Germans had to pay billions of reparations to France
 * Weimar Constitution** - Governed Germany during Weimar Republic (1919-1933). Declared Germany to be democratic parliamentary republic.
 * 1919 Spartacist Uprising/Rosa Luxemburg ** – German Left-wing Communist Party, they were lead by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. There had been an uprising by the group in Early 1919, stopped by Freikrops.
 * 1934 Night of the Long Knives**
 * Negative Cohesion** - People supported the Nazis not because they shared Nazis views (positive cohesion) but because they shared Nazi fears and dislikes
 * Hyperinflation-** A period of time that inflation is so high to the point that money is practacly worthless. Happened in Germany during Wiemar 1923.
 * Gustav Stresemann -** Chancellor in 1923...
 * Passive resistance-** challenging the government peacefully. Happened after the German government had to pay for reparations, people just stopped working.
 * SA (storm troopers) -** The private army of Hitler led by Rohm, Also known as the brown shirts.
 * SS-** The Nazi special police force.
 * Hitler Youth-** a Nazi program designed to promote discipline and loyalty in German children and adolescents.


 * Sunday 22nd April ** – __Paper 2 and 3 Single Party States – FP for HL & Origins of Cold__

__1st part of class: HL__ - Stalin's foreign policy/Hitler's foreign policy including appeasement - Jeopardy a. What were the foreign policies? b. What are the different historians views about their policies? For example, was Hitler a planner or an opportunist? (Roper vs Taylor) c. What caused WW2? Was it the Allies with their policy of Appeasement or the dictators?

1925 Locarno Treaty League of Nations Spanish Civil War 1936-39 1926 Germany permitted into the League of Nations Lebensraum 1934 German non aggression Pact with Poland 1936 Remilitarization of the Rhineland by Hitler 1938 Munch Conference 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1935 Italian invasion of Abyssinia
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**

1934 Disarmament Conference 1935 Britain signes Naval Agreeement with Germans 1936 Anti-comintern Pact 1938 Anschluss Mussolini Chamberlain Appeasement Benes and Czechoslovakia Sudetenland 1938 March 1939 Hitler invades the whole of Czechoslovakia 1939 Nazi Soviet Pact Sept 1 1939 Germany invades Poland Sept 3 1939 Britain declares war on Germany (World War Two begins)

Essay topics for foreign policies:

1. Why did WW2 break out in 1939? 2. To what extent was Stalin's foreign policy dominated by the desire for security up until 1941? 3. For what reasons, and with what were appeasement policies followed in the 1930's? 4. For what reasons, and to what extent, did attempts to achieve collective security between 1919 and 1939 fail?

__2nd part of class: SL and HL__ - Origins of Cold War up to 1949 (this will include Berlin Blockade and airlift, creation of NATO in 49) a. Who caused the Cold War? Was it the US or USSR or both? b. What role did WW2 play in starting the Cold War? c. What role did the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences play in starting the Cold War? d. What role did ideology play in the origins?

Yalta Conference Feb 1945 Potsdam Conference July 1945 Churchill Stalin Roosevelt Truman Atlee Czechoslovakia 1948 ( Masaryk) - The country is moving to the West and expressed its interest in receiving aid from Marshall Plan Comecon - The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - January 1949 - It was created by the USSR during the Cold War - an economic organization of eastern European bloc Berlin Blockade 1948/9 - final division of Germany - the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road and canal access to the sectors of Berlin Berlin Airlift 1948 - the Western Allies carry supplies to the people in West Berlin. Its success brought embarrassment to the Soviet Union. Federal Republic of Germany May 1949 - West Germany - under the West Allies German Democratic Republic Oct 1949 - East Germany - under the Soviet Union NATO 1949 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization. An organization that includes countries in Europe and North America. Created by the West Allies Warsaw Pact 1954 - Created by the USSR
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**
 * Iron Curtain** - Ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe in two separate areas from the end of WWII in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Eastern Europe was Communist ruled and and Western Europe was Capitalist ruled.
 * 1947 Cominform set up** - Common name of the //Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties//. First official forum of the international communist movement.
 * 1946 Greece and Turkey** - The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 stating that they would support Greece and Germany with economic and military aid to prevent falling into the Soviet sphere of influence
 * Sphere of Influence** - When one country has cultural, economic, military and political control/influence over other countries
 * Kennan's Long Telegram 1946** - Mentioned that Soviets were a threat. It was about propaganda in Russia and their negative outlook on the West. He had experience to know, how the Russians were hostile & cruel. Russians insecure because they’re scared of invasion.
 * Truman Doctrine and Containment policy March 1947** - Trying to contain Communism in the USSR and helping other countries who did not want to be under the sphere of influence of the Russians.
 * Marshall Plan 1947 of $17 billion** - Plan to support western democracies economically. Americans wanted to help return "normal economic health in the world", also known as Economic Recovery Plan


 * Tuesday 24 April ** – __Paper 2 and Paper 3 -Cold War case studies – Berlin, Korea, Hungary, Cuba, Vietnam [[file:cover11coldwar.doc]][[file:cold-war-timeline-events.doc]]__

__**US President/USSR General Secretary:**__ Roosevelt - Stalin Truman - Stalin Eisenhower - Khrushchev Kennedy - Khrushchev Johnson- Brezhnev Nixon- Brezhnev Carter - Brezhnev Reagan - Andropov/Gorbachev

a. Why was Berlin a hotspot of the Cold War? (what happened there and its outcome)

Berlin Blockade 1948 Berlin Airlift 1948/9
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**

b. Why was Korea a hotspot of the Cold War? (what happened there and its outcome)

General McArthur UN and veto Limited war civil war cold war 38th Parallel Yalu River armistice Containment Rollback SEATO 1954
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**

c. Why was Cuba a hotspot of the Cold War? (what happened there and its outcome)

Castro Batista Kennedy Guerilla campaign Bay of Pigs Quarantine US U2 spy plane Invasion blockade air attack Khrushchev Missiles in Turkey Hotline 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
 * Key terms/policies/events to know:**

Deng Xiaoping - http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/dengxiaoping/102945.htm Section I - Struggle for power Section II - China under Deng Xiaoping: Economic policies and the Four Modernizations Section III - China under Deng Xiaoping: Political changes leading up to Tiananmen Square
 * Saturday 28th April **-



Khrushchev's domestic policies http://www.activehistory.co.uk/main_area/games/interactive_table/frameset.htm?a2_krus_economic (simulation to play on Khrushchev's policies) http://www.johndclare.net/word_copies_of_booklets.htm
 * 2pm-3pm HL time **

For what reasons, and to what extent, did attempts to achieve collective security between 1919 and 1939 fail? .
 * Examples of student essays:** Analyse the successes and failures of one post-First World War treaty/


 * Monday 30th April - Complete gaps in the above terms ( link Paper 2 with Deng Xiaoping) **

__Tip - Go to examinations folder and glance at all past essay questions on topics and make outlines on these. Feel free to email me these outlines for checking__

__ Further areas to revise: __

China – USSR and EE –
 * __Paper 1: Communism in Crisis 1976-89 [[file:paper-1-study-aid.doc]][[file:paper1_source_evaluation_word_bank_chart.doc]]__**

Topic 5: The Cold War – Reasons for the collapse of the Cold War – link to Brezhnev and Gorbachev policies
 * __Paper 2: 20th Century World History__**


 * __Paper 3: Regional option of Europe and the Middle East__**

__Iranian History -1953-2000__ - Economic and social developments including industrialisation, gender, welfare, health, poverty (focus will be on impact)

__Soviet History - 1924 - 2000__ - Khrushchev's domestic and foreign policies - what were they and how successful were they? (this will also help for P2 linked to Cold War) Key terms: - Brezhnev's domestic and foreign policies - what were they and how successful were they? (this will also help for P1 and P2) Key terms: apparatchiks, cadres Brezhnev Doctrine

- Gorbachev's domestic and foreign policies - what were they and how successful were they? ( this will also help for P1 and P2) Key terms: Perestroika